I'd agree with Stephanv that an engine flush might be a waste of money. Modern cars don't need flushing if they've had regular oil changes with good quality oil so they shouldn't have sludge.
A second hand pump is a deffo no no unless it came out of a running engine you that overturned perhaps, and you know the mileage. Otherwise buy a new one, and make sure it's a reputable brand if you're using an aftermarket part. They're expensive but it's one of those things you really don't want to cut corners with cos a malfunctioning oil pump will wreck the whole engine.
Stick to the correct viscosity oil otherwise a heavey oil will put strain on the new pump and it won't last either, methinks. If you say the engine was noisy on the correct oil so you quietened it with a thick oil, then your solution is likely to work for a while before it brings up bigger problems later. I'd say find the cause of the rattling or noise and sort that out rather than masking it with an incorrect oil spec
Let us know how things go. Best wishes