Here's my 2c:
I think it's obvious that based on your shortlist, you are looking for a fun car that is performance oriented.
Starting off with budget, I guess I'm stating the obvious in that the older model cars (>10years more or less) would need to be a cash purchase. The newer ones you may still be able to finance to some degree. I'm not sure if that is a determining factor, but let's ignore it for now.
Back to my opening sentence, a 'fun car' can be quite a broad term. In my mind, it's the way it makes you feel when you drive it. Are you looking for an engaging drive, that ticks the boxes across multiple areas, or only one area such as outright performance? This can probably be further broken down depending on whether it's a turbocharged motor, or N/A. I'll waffle on this point a bit. Turbo motors come with chunks of torque low down and overall are much much faster than anything N/A. But the beauty of N/A motors is their instant response, and you can rev them out and get great satisfaction doing so. Sure you won't be going as fast (or stupidly fast?), but who said fun only happens at stupid speeds. If anything, you can enjoy the car more because you stay at sane speeds for longer.
With you having a F30 320d already, some would argue that it is the perfect daily. Plenty fast, torque to get a move on quickly, and overall it's a refined car with various luxuries and comfort. My question would be: do you find that lacking in some way? Do you find yourself thinking "hmmm, I cant wait to drive my more luxurious, more refined car to the shopping mall on a Sunday". Or, do you sit and think "hmmm, this (320d) is a nice place to be, but I can't wait to take the engaging drivers car out on a Sunday morning to Magaliesburg and enjoy the quiet roads where I can stretch their legs a bit".
I'm convinced your thinking is the latter. So out of your shortlisted cars, I don't think there is a bad choice in that mix. M140i is awesome, Although it will be small in the back if you intend to transport family around on your weekend blasts. You're a tall guy too, so you will be sniffing your kneecaps at speed if you do that. The M235i is ok, big and spacious inside, lots of new tech and quite quick but IMO not as engaging as the M140i (for me an engine soundtrack trumps a lot of things, lol). Out of these 2 hatches, it would be the M140i.
Moving onto the sedans, there is just that extra space, which will make family outings more pleasant and comfortable. E90 M3 is a good car, and you only really appreciate and learn to unpack why it is special when you take it out of the daily grind. When you press on a bit in corners, at speed on the highway, it feels planted and reassuring. The V8 has 3 personalities, from idle to say 4000rpm, then its demeanor changes from 4000-6000rpm, and then it really wakes up and goes from 6000-8000rpm. A regular auto box will be smoother in the daily grind, but the DCT in full-attack mode is something to experience. (More detailed review and feedback in my thread elsewhere).
The F80 is slightly bigger, and has a strong twin-turbo 6cyl. I have yet to drive one myself, but I believe it to be on another level performance wise. Does it sound good? Well that's been debated to death and will come down to personal preference. But you will have all the luxuries, some newer tech and space for the family.
As for the M5, well I think that raises the bar yet again. Stupendously powerful V8 twin turbo, all the creature comforts and space for days. It's a supercar in a business suit.
As I've eluded to above, the newer cars are getting bigger, heavier, more luxurious and more refined, and while there are benefits to this, it also dulls the fun-factor to some degree. The new turbo motors are a great baseline for modding if that's the plan, but it can also lead to the car being undriveable.
Best bet: go and drive the cars and see what ticks your boxes, you may be pleasantly surprised. Or you're welcome to come visit and I can offer a comparison of the E-series cars - hatchback vs sedan.
My 2c comments became a R5 speech, lol.